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Genocides, Politicides, and Other Mass Murder Since 1945, With Stages in 2002[1]

[1] Those countries at Stage 7 are currently at the mass killing stage. They have active genocides or politicides, and are identified with bold type. They are erupting. The others are at various stages of dormancy (4 through 6,) but could erupt again. Civilian deaths in 2001 are separately identified. The table is organized by region. Within a region, countries are listed in order of their potential for mass killing, by stages. Not all politicides since 1945 appear on this chart because some countries where politicide has occurred have become democracies (e.g. East Germany, Poland, Romania, Mongolia) and are not now at stage 4 or above.

©2002 Gregory H. Stanton, Genocide Watch

			AFRICA
NATION		YEARS OF EPISODES SINCE 1945	CUMULATIVE CIVILIAN DEATH TOLL	MAJOR KILLERS	MAIN DIVISIONS	STAGE in 2002
Burundi		1959 – 1962 1972 1988 1993 – 1995 1996 -- present	50,000 Hutus 150,000 Hutus 25,000 Hutus 50,000 Tutsis, 100,000 Hutus 2001: 5,000	Tutsi government Tutsi army Tutsi army Hutu rebels Tutsi army	Ethnic, political	7 – Genocidal massacres
Sudan		1956 – 1972, 1983 – present	2 million Nuer, Dinka, Christians, Nuba, southerners 2001: 10,000	Khartoum gov’t NIF government, militias, rebels	Political, religious, racial, ethnic	7 – Politicide, Genocide
Democratic Republic of the Congo		1945 -- 1960 1960 – 1965 1977 – 1979, 1984 1994 – 1997 1997 – present	1,000’s Africans 1,000’s civil war 1,000’s civil war 80,000 Hutus, Banyamulenge, 10,000 Hema,Lendu 2 million (civil war) 2001: 80,000	Colonial forces Rebels, army Rebels, army Kabila/ Rwandan army, Ugandan, Rwandan armies, rebels, DRCongo & allied armies	Racial, colonial, economic Political, ethnic	7 – Politicide, Genocidal massacres
Côte d’Ivoire		1998 – present	100’s Bambara, Senoufo, Bété, Burkinabe	Gov’t police, rebels	Ethnic, national, Religious, political	7 – Massacres
Algeria		1954 – 1963 1991 -- present	160,000 OAS, Harkis, settlers 50,000 Berbers 2001: 5,000	French legions, OAS, rebels Islamic Armed Group (GIA)	Colonial Religious, political	7 – Massacres
Liberia		1990 – 2000 2001 -- present	100,000 Krahn, Gio, Mano, etc. 2001: 1,000’s	Doe gov’t army, Taylor rebels Gov’t, rebels	Political, ethnic	7 – Politicide
Uganda		1972 – 1979, 1980 – 1986 1994 – present	300,000 Acholi, Lango, Karamoja 250,000 Baganda, Banyarwanda 1,000’s LRA foes 2001: 100’s	Amin gov’t army, police Obote gov’t army, police Lord’s Resistance Army	Political, ethnic, religious	7 – Massacres
Nigeria		1966 – 1970, 1972 – 2000 (sporadic) 2001 --present	1 million Ibos Tiv, Hausa, Yoruba Ogoni, others 2001: 1,000's	Nigerian army Ethnic mobs Nigerian army, police	Political, ethnic, religious	6 – Preparation
Zimbabwe		1982 – 84, 1998 – present	20,000 Ndebele, MDC, white farmers 2001: 100’s	Gov’t army 5^th Brigade, ZANU-PF militias	Ethnic, political	6 – Preparation
Somalia		1988 – present	100,000 Somalis, Isaaq clan 2001: 100’s	Warlord/clan militias	Political, clan	6 – Preparation
Sierra Leone		1991 – present	100,000 (civil war) 2001: 1000’s	Revolutionary United Front, other militias	Political, ethnic	5 – Polarization
Rwanda		1959 – 1963, 1993 1994 1995 – present	10,000’s Tutsi 800,000 Tutsi 1,000’s Hutus 2001: 100’s	Hutu gov’t Hutu Power gov't Interahamwe Rwandan gov’t	Ethnic, political	5 – Polarization
Congo-Brazzaville		1959 – 1968 1997 – 2000	5,000 Gov’t foes 1,000’s (civil war)	Gov’t army, police, rebels	Colonial Political, ethnic	5 – Polarization
Central African Republic		1966 – 1979 2001	2,000 Bokassa foes	Gov’t army, police	Political, ethnic	5 -- Polarization
Ethiopia		1945 – 1974 1974 – 1979 1994 – 2000	150,000 Oromo, Eritreans, Somali 750,000 Class enemies, Oromo 10,000’s (war with Eritrea)	Selassie monarchy Derg communists Army	National, religious, ethnic	5 – Polarization
Eritrea		1960’s - 2000	10,000’s Eritreans (independence war with Ethiopia)	Ethiopian armies, police	National, religious, ethnic	4 -- Organization
Equatorial Guinea		1975 – 1979	50,000 Bubi, Nguema foes	Macias Nguema regime	Political, ethnic	4 – Organization
Senegal – Casamance		1990 – 2001	1,000 Diola (civil war)	Senegalese army, rebels	Political, ethnic	4 – Organization
Kenya		1952 – 1960 1991 – 1993	1,500 Kikuyu, colonials 1,000’s Nilotics	Colonial forces MauMau Kikuyu Ethnic militias	Ethnic, political	4 – Organization
Angola		1961 -- 1962 1975 – present	40,000 Kongo, 500,000 Umbundu, Ovimbundu 2001: 5,000	Colonial army Gov’t, UNITA armies, allies	Colonial Political, ethnic	4 – Organization
Chad		1965 – 1996	10,000’s southern Saras, civil war	Gov’t army, Libyan army, rebels	Ethnic, racial, religious, political	4 – Organization
Morocco- Western Sahara		1976 – present	1,000’s: Sahrawis	Moroccan army, Polisario rebels	Political, ethnic	4 – Organization
Mali		1990 – 1993	1,000 Touaregs	Malian army, Touareg rebels	Ethnic, political	4 – Organization
Mozambique		1975 – 1994	1 million by MPLA, Renamo	Renamo, MPLA	Political, ethnic	4 – Organization
Madagascar		1947 – 1948	50,000 Malagasy nationalists	French colonial forces	National, racial, political, ethnic	4 -- Organization
South Africa		1987 – 1996 1996 – present	1,000’s Zulus, Xhosa, ANC Boer farmers	Gov’t police, ethnic militias ethnic militias	Racial, political, ethnic	4 – Organization
Botswana		1990 – present	100’s Küng, Caprivi Namibians	Gov’t police	Economic, political, ethnic	4 – Organization
Egypt		sporadic	100’s: Copts	Muslim funda- mentalists	Religious, political	4 – Organization
			AMERICAS
	NATION	EPISODES	DEATH TOLL	KILLERS	DIVISIONS	STAGE in 2002
	Colombia	1948 -- 1958 1975 – present	150,000 10,000’s 2001: 1,000's	Political parties Marxists, rightist death squads, drug cartels	Political Political, narcotics cartels	7 – Politicide
	Venezuela	1945 – 1970’s,	1,000’s Yanomami	Settlers, miners	Racial, ethnic	5 – Polarization
	Brazil	1945 -- 1964 1964 – 1965 sporadic massacres	300,000 Vargas foes, Indians 1,000’s: Kayapo, Yanomami, etc.	Gov’t police, settler militias Settlers, miners	Political, economic, racial, ethnic	4 – Organization
	Guatemala	1950’s –1980’s	200,000 Mayans	Gov’t army, death squads	Racial, ethnic, political	4 – Organization
	Cuba	1945 -- 1959 1959 – present	100’s rebels 75,000 “counter – revolutionaries”	Rightist gov’ts Castro gov’t	Political	4 – Organization
	Argentina	1976 – 1980	20,000 leftists	Army, police	Racial, ethnic Political	4 – Organization
	Chilé	1973 – 1976	10,000’s leftists	Army, police	Political	4 – Organization
	Nicaragua	1970 – 1979 1980 – 1989	1,000’s Sandinistas 10,000’s Contras	Gov’t army Sandinista army	Political	4 – Organization
	El Salvador	1980 – 1992	10,000’s leftists	Army, militias	Political	4 – Organization
	Paraguay	1945 – 1962 1962 – 1974	1000’s Indians 1000 Aché Indians	Army, settlers Settlers	Racial, ethnic	4 – Organization
	Mexico Chiapas	1945 – 2001	10,000’s Indians, gov’t foes 10,000’s Mayans	Army, police	Ethnic, political	4 – Organization
			ASIA